ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
Below is the ASCII character table and this includes descriptions of the first 32 non-printing characters.
To type a character not available on your keyboard lookup the number in the column Dec and type Alt + Dec number.
If you want to make the character @ you type Alt+064.
mIRC got 2 identifiers $chr and $asc that can be used to convert a number or character into eachother.